Central mechanisms controlling upper airway patency
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SLEEP and SLEEP DISORDERS Neuromuscular Mechanisms of Upper Airway Patency
The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are complex and not fully understood. Critical upper airway (UA) narrowing/collapse usually occurs in the oropharynx, between the nasal choanae and epiglottis, an area lacking rigid support. Patency of this vulnerable segment is dependent on the action of pharyngeal dilator and abductor muscles that are normally activa...
متن کاملConcerning the importance of pharyngeal muscles in the maintenance of upper airway patency during sleep. An opinion.
918 Pharyngeal Muscles during Sleep (Strohl, Olson) W hile it is known that neural activation of pharyngeal muscle exhibits respiratory periodicity and is an integral part of the respiratory control system,’ the mechanical consequences of neuromuscular activity in upper airway muscles are not well understood. Clinical and physiologic studies of Remmers et al,2 Brouillete and Thach,3 and others4...
متن کاملHIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology of Obesity Obesity and upper airway control during sleep
Schwartz AR, Patil SP, Squier S, Schneider H, Kirkness JP, Smith PL. Obesity and upper airway control during sleep. J Appl Physiol 108: 430–435, 2010. First published October 29, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00919.2009.—Mechanisms linking obesity with upper airway dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea are reviewed. Obstructive sleep apnea is due to alterations in upper airway anatomy and neu...
متن کاملUpper airway patency during apnoea of prematurity.
Twenty four preterm infants (median birth weight 1120 g and gestation 29 weeks) were studied on 83 occasions by measuring upper airway airflow. Airway patency was detected by the transmission of cardiac impulse up the airway and airway closure by its absence. A total of 309 apnoeas of at least five seconds' duration were recorded. One hundred and eighty (58.0%) were central, 109 (35.5%) mixed, ...
متن کاملNicotinic excitation of rat hypoglossal motoneurons.
Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMNs), which innervate the tongue muscles, are involved in several important physiological functions, including the maintenance of upper airway patency. The neural mechanisms that affect HMN excitability are therefore important determinants of effective breathing. Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway that is likel...
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